The VCI is an overall measure of verbal concept formation (the child's ability to verbally reason) and is influenced by semantic knowledge. Comprehension – (secondary) questions about social situations or common concepts.Information (secondary) – general knowledge questions.Vocabulary – (primary, FSIQ) examinee is asked to define a provided word.Similarities – (primary, FSIQ) asking how two words are alike/similar.The Verbal Comprehension scale subtests are described below: The VCI is derived from the Similarities and Vocabulary subtests. Verbal Comprehension and Fluid Reasoning are weighted more heavily in the Full Scale IQ to reflect the importance of crystallized and fluid abilities in modern intelligence models (Wechsler, 2014). The Full Scale IQ is derived from 7 of the 10 primary subtests: Both Verbal Comprehension subtests, one Visual Spatial subtest, two Fluid Reasoning subtests, one Working Memory subtest, and one Processing Speed subtest. Two subtests must be administered to obtain each of the primary index scores. There are five primary index scores, the Verbal Comprehension Index ( VCI), Visual Spatial Index ( VSI), Fluid Reasoning Index ( FRI), Working Memory Index ( WMI), and Processing Speed Index ( PSI). This means that a 16-year-old adolescent who has an intellectual disability may be tested using the WISC-V so that the clinician may see the floor of their knowledge (the lowest level). Different floor effect and ceiling effect can be achieved using the different tests, allowing for a greater understanding of the child's abilities or deficits. There is some overlap between tests: children aged 6 years 0 months through 7 years 7 months can complete the WPPSI or the WISC children aged 16 can complete the WISC-V or the WAIS-IV. Subjects 16 and over are tested with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), and children ages two and half years to seven years and seven months are tested with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). The WISC is one test in a suite of Wechsler intelligence scales. In addition to VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ scores, four new index scores were introduced: the Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), the Perceptual Organization Index (POI), the Freedom from Distractability Index (FDI), and the Processing Speed Index (PSI). The third edition was published in 1991 (WISC-III Wechsler, 1991) and brought with it a new subtest as a measure of processing speed. However, the age range was changed from 5–15 to 6–16. A revised edition was published in 1974 as the WISC-R (Wechsler, 1974), featuring the same subtests. Additional updates and refinements include changes to the questions to make them less biased against minorities and females and updated materials to make them more useful in the administration of the test. The subtests were organized into Verbal and Performance scales and provided scores for Verbal IQ (VIQ), Performance IQ (PIQ), and Full Scale IQ (FSIQ).Įach successive edition has been re-normed to compensate for the Flynn effect, ensuring not only that the norms do not become outdated, which is suggested to result in inflated scores on intelligence measures, but that they are representative of the current population (Flynn, 1984, 1987, 1999 Matarazzo, 1972). The original WISC (Wechsler, 1949), developed by the Romanian-American psychologist David Wechsler, Ph.D., was an adaptation of several of the subtests that made up the Wechsler–Bellevue Intelligence Scale (Wechsler, 1939), but also featured several subtests designed specifically for it. Variation in testing procedures and goals resulting in prorated score combinations or single indices can reduce time or increase testing time to three or more hours for an extended battery, including all primary, ancillary, and complementary indices. Technical papers by the publishers support other indices such as VECI, EFI, and GAI (Raiford et al., 2015). Five ancillary composite scores can be derived from various combinations of primary or primary and secondary subtests.įive complementary subtests yield three complementary composite scores to measure related cognitive abilities. These indices represent a child's abilities in discrete cognitive domains. It also provides five primary index scores, namely Verbal Comprehension Index, Visual Spatial Index, Fluid Reasoning Index, Working Memory Index, and Processing Speed Index. It generates a Full Scale IQ (formerly known as an intelligence quotient or IQ score) that represents a child's general intellectual ability. The WISC-V takes 45 to 65 minutes to administer. The Fifth Edition (WISC-V Wechsler, 2014) is the most recent version. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children ( WISC) is an individually administered intelligence test for children between the ages of 6 and 16.
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