![]() Springer Spaniels normally have the orange color to the retina. As there are many lesions this is called MRD – multifocal retinal dysplasia. To classify all retinal photographs in the UKBB dataset as normal, showing signs of disease or being ungradable. The main structures that can be visualized on a fundus photo are the central and peripheral retina, optic disc and macula. Specialized fundus cameras consisting of an intricate microscope attached to a flash enabled camera are used in fundus photography. Each of these dark lesions is where the retina has not developed normally. Fundus photography involves photographing the rear of an eye, also known as the fundus. You can see in the image on the right there are lots of small dark lesions in this retina. If you see RD in these breeds it can be assumed that the RD is inherited. Other breeds affected include the Bedlington and Sealyham Terriers, Beagle, Cocker Spaniels both English and American, Yorkshire Terrier, Akita, Afghan Hound, Doberman Pinscher, Old English Sheepdog, and Rottweilers. Retinal dysplasia is seen most commonly at Animal Eye Care in Labradors, Cavaliers, Golden Retrievers, and Springer Spaniels. In some cases we recheck these puppies later on once they has finished growing to see if the retinal folds have disappeared. Digital retinal imaging is the act of taking a digital photograph of the inside of the eye including the retina, optic nerve, macula, and blood vessels. In breeds that are affected with RD, growth related retinal folds may confuse the diagnosis of inherited RD. However dogs can have lots of retinal folds and this may be a sign of RD. Within 4 to 6 weeks the retinal folds resolve as the retina and sclera (coat of the eyeball) are then growing at the same rate. It is thought that this is a growth related problem, in that the sclera (coat of the eyeball) and the retina are growing at different rates. In some cases retinal folds may be seen in young puppies around 6 to 8 weeks of age. RD may also result from viral infections, and exposure to toxins. There are various causes for retinal dysplasia, the most common cause being inherited. Normal macular OCT with anatomic structures labeled. The colour can vary depending on the age and the breed. To start differentiating various macular abnormalities seen on OCT, it helps to break it into anatomic subsets, then use these groups to create differential diagnoses based on how the scan looks. Caption: This is a picture of a normal retina in a dog.
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